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Sunday, August 23, 2020
Diabetic Management Plan Free Essays
string(192) shows that firmly controlling glucose levels can forestall the turn of events and movement of little vein (microvascular) malady and nerve ailment (neuropathy) (Wendt 2009). Diabetes Mellitus is a malady known to people since the old occasions. Hieroglyphics of Egypt, which dated in 1500 BC, outlined side effects of diabetes. During this time, individuals delineated diabetes to be type 2 in particular and type 1 diabetes is a newfound ailment. We will compose a custom exposition test on Diabetic Management Plan or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now In any case, this has been clarified by looks into and considers that type 2 diabetes is unique in relation to type 1 diabetes (Hanas 2007). In the present, instances of diabetes ceaselessly rise particularly instances of type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an insulin subordinate diabetes that is basic to kids and young people. Here, the body absolutely doesn't create insulin rendering the glucose futile for an individual (Fox and Kilvert 2007). The glucose level on the blood rises and influences certain body capacities making the individual look for clinical consideration. Diabetes has no fix. At the point when one has diabetes, the individual in question has it for lifetime. Be that as it may, certain courses in overseeing diabetes, regardless of whether it is type 1 or type 2, are found however with thought to drug, movement, and diet. Severe adherence to prescription routine is helpful in forestalling the advancement of diabetic difficulties. Normal exercise or physical action just as legitimate dietary patterns is likewise demonstrated to assist lower with blooding sugar levels making it controllable. Likewise, visit checking of blood glucose will permit a person to envision and act in light of the recently perused glucose level. The Case of Jodie is a 17-year-old young lady who has recently been determined to have type 1 diabetes following admission to the nearby Emergency Department in DKA. She is at present examining year 12 at secondary school, plays netball each Saturday evening and appreciates going to parties with her companions. Jodie weighs 55kg with a BMI of 20. She lives cheerfully at home with her folks and more established sibling. Jodie has been started on a basal bolus insulin routine utilizing Humalog and Levemir. Healthful Management Managing diet is additionally a key factor in appropriate administration of diabetes. It is critical to stress to the customer and the family that the customer isn't taking a diabetic eating regimen but instead a decent supper. Accentuation should likewise be considered on the ethnicity of the customer just as social and strict foundation of the patient. Before taking these into contemplations, it is imperative to know the fundamental caloric admission of the customer. By increasing the heaviness of the Jodie in pounds (121 lbs) to 10 (consistent multiplier for female), you will think of an aggregate of 1210. This is the fundamental caloric need of Jodie. Duplicating the essential caloric need (1210) with 0. 40 (consistent multiplier for thorough movement) will think of a subsequent action based caloric needs (605). Calories for absorption can likewise be determined by duplicating the entirety of essential caloric admission and action based caloric needs (1210 + 605) to 0. 10 (steady number). The outcome would be 181. 5. In conclusion, register for the absolute day by day caloric admission by summarizing the essential caloric admission, action based caloric admission, and calories required for assimilation (1210 + 605 + 181. 5). The outcome would be 1996. 5. This is the caloric needs of Jodie each Saturday since she is occupied with netball and celebrating with her companions. Then again, the caloric admission of Jodie from Monday to Friday and Sunday would be 1863. 4. After figuring the day by day caloric admission of Jodie, it tends to be reasoned that vitality needs differs among people consistently, and relies significantly upon the age, sexual orientation, and ethnicity (ââ¬Å"How to Calculate Your Total Daily Calorie Needs â⬠2010). Brilliant, Aslander-van Vliet and Waldron (2009) proposed how absolute caloric admission must be circulated: Carbohydrates must establish around 50-55%; fats must be 30-35%; protein must be 10-15%; and sucrose must be 10%. In this way, Jodie must have a starch admission of 931. 7-1024. 87 calories (M-F, Sun) and 998. 25-1098. 08 calories(Sat); fat admission of 559. 02-654. 19 calories (M-F, Sun) and 598. 5-698. 78 calories (Sat); protein admission of 186. 34-279. 51 calories (M-F, Sun) and 199. 65-299. 48 calories (Sat); and sucrose admission of 186. 34 (M-F, Sun) and 199. 65 (Sat). When taking starch rich food, it may be important to incorporate sound sources like vegetables, organic products, vegetables, entire grains, and low fat milk. Mull over different choices for the wellspring of food by counseling the starch trade table, cabohydrate tallying and the utilization of glycemic burden and record. In the utilization of fat, food with immersed fat must be restricted to under seven percent of all out caloric admission. Consistently, at least two servings of fish is allowable however with exclusion to the industrially created fish filet (American Diabetes Association 2007). Supplant soaked fats with monounsaturated unsaturated fats and polyunsaturated unsaturated fats using low fat dairy items, lean meats, olive and sesame seed oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, and soybean oil. Empower admission of protein from (vegetables) and creatures (slender meat, fish, low dairy items) since it advances development and is a decent wellspring of nitrogen for the body. Think about likewise that the salt admission of the customer must be under 6 grams for each day. Prompt those people who set up the food that they ought to abstain from including salt in preparing and in suppers. What's more, over the top liquor ought to be evaded on the grounds that it meddles with gluconeogenesis coming about to delayed hypoglycemia. The patient should likewise be encouraged to wear distinguishing pieces of proof about her diabetes, and devour starches previously, during, and in the wake of drinking. Drinking, then again, must be done with some restraint and must expend drinks with diminished liquor content. Forestall nighttime hypoglycemia by expending starch rich sleep time nibble. Blood glucose observing must be accomplished all the more frequently around evening time until noon of the next day (Smart 2009). Checking Patients with Diabetes Knowing that diabetes can prompt some genuine inconveniences, it is better in the event that one should know the things that he/she should screen so as to forestall these difficulties. One ought to have cautious checking of glucose. Logical proof shows that firmly controlling glucose levels can forestall the turn of events and movement of little vein (microvascular) malady and nerve infection (neuropathy) (Wendt 2009). You read Diabetic Management Plan in classification The executives Since high glucose is considered as the offender to the vast majority of the diabetic intricacies, checking blood glucose by the patient is critical to keep outcomes from unmonitored blood glucose. Low glucose level may prompt hypoglycemia. Mellow hypoglycemia can make an individual vibe awkward and can meddle with his typical working. In any case, extreme hypoglycemia can cause seizure, loss of awareness, and trance state (Kelly 2006). Maintaining a strategic distance from highs and lows in glucose won't just improve the patient feel, yet will fundamentally lessen his/her danger of diabetes complexities. Cholesterol levels ought to likewise be checked. A test done to screen the cholesterol level of a diabetic individual is called fasting lipid profile. It is a blood test that quantifies the all out cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels, and triglyceride levels in the circulation system. It is likewise used to evaluate the hazard for the improvement of coronary corridor sickness, one of the inclining factors for cardiovascular failure (Kaufman 2010). Realizing that cholesterol influences the veins of the retina and the heart provides the wellbeing supplier some insight that any huge increment in the level would require prompt observing and mediation. In the event that cholesterol is controlled, the danger of creating entanglements is enormously diminished. Monitoring circulatory strain is significant in light of the fact that individuals who have diabetes will in general experience more difficulty with hypertension than individuals who don't have the malady. Having both diabetes and hypertension can sneak up all of a sudden to the extent expanding the danger of coronary illness, stroke, and eye, kidney and nerve confusions (Manzella 2006). Raised circulatory strain builds blood stream into the eye, quickening diabetic retinopathy (Chous 2006). Knowing the early signs and indications are likewise key in forestalling diabetic difficulties. Be that as it may, diabetic retinopathy has no early signs and side effects. Jodie then should know about the yearly eye assessment that must be done after the starter assessment inside 5 years after the determination of diabetes (ââ¬Å"Diabetesâ⬠2010). Expanded eye assessment must be done each year by an optometrist or ophthalmologist educated about and experienced with diabetes and diabetic eye ailment (Chous 2006) so as to know the degree of eye gesture. Both the patient and the wellbeing supplier ought to likewise screen a few signs and side effects to forestall visual impairment. Any worry with respect to the patientââ¬â¢s vision must be paid attention to. Know whether the patient whines of suspended dull spots that meddles with his/her vision. It might demonstrate blood hole to the vitreous cleverness, which can prompt visual impairment. Likewise, think about the expanding trouble in performing things that require concentrate, for example, perusing and sewing. Removals can likewise be forestalled if the patient has cautious foot care. Foot care is significant since the patient with diabetes has diminished sensation on the lower furthest points. Preventive measures would incorporate looking for signs and side effects of approaching ulceration. The patient and the wellbeing supplier ought to know about any expanding, thick hard skin or corns, and any rankles or
Friday, August 21, 2020
Jaelen Venable Essays - Films, Groundhog Day, Woodstock, Illinois
Jaelen Venable English 101 Dr. Hairdresser October 15 2015 Groundhog Day In the event that some state history rehashes itself, how might we change it? In Harold Ramis' Groundhog Day, Phil Connors, an arrogant narcissistic climate forecaster, is stuck in time, causing a reoccurrence of that day. Phil gives various things to get a shot of the time circle, however basically nothing is working. A specific scene that stands apart all through the film is the scene with the vagrant in the city, this is when Phil at long last finds what his motivation in life is. In this scene, Phil passes the vagrant every day not caring whether he has a supper to eat or a rooftop to rest under. At that point, when Phil stalls out in this time circle he chooses to give the vagrant cash to ideally change the reoccurring circle. As the film advances, Phil sees the vagrant kicking the bucket. Phil then attempts to accomplish all the more with the goal that he can spare the vagrant, this guides him in discovering his motivation throughout everyday life. In the start of the film, Phil Connors is exceptionally magnanimous, just hoping to satisfy himself while not thinking about others all the while. An existence of childishness is anything but a decent life to be lived. Phil is a moderately aged man that has a consistent vocation and is by all accounts wealthy. He doesn't help the poor vagrant that he keeps on observing in the city for an extensive stretch of time. Phil was blinded by his own narrow minded aspiration to assist this with keeping an eye on out. Five scenes pass by before Phil really chooses to support the vagrant and that being said he was as yet hesitant in helping him. Phil says I killed myself so often I don't exist any longer (Groundhog Day) since he has not discovered his motivation throughout everyday life yet. At first, Phil was not helping the vagrant since it was the correct activity, then again, he helped him since he trusted it would change time and he'd have the option to escape the endless Groundhog Day. At long last, when he winds up giving the vagrant some cash it appears to not transform anything. Could this be on the grounds that he was just paying special mind to his wellbeing? Phil then continues to give him significantly more cash, however indeed it despite everything has no impact. Helping other people just to profit yourself is as yet childish. Phil Says I was in the Virgin Islands once. I met a young lady. We ate lobster, drank Pina Coladas. At dusk we had intercourse like ocean otters. That was a quite decent day. For what reason wouldn't I be able to get that day again and again and over? (Groundhog Day) This statement not just shows how narrow minded Phil is now in his life yet additionally how he wishes that he could have been stuck in a day that was increasingly gainfu l to him. In the following hardly any scenes with the vagrant, Phil sees the poor man kicking the bucket considerably after he gave him cash. Phil sees that his assistance was insufficient, so he keeps on taking a stab at everything and anything he can to spare the destitute keeps an eye on life. This is the point at which we, the crowd, see Phil having an adjustment in heart. It is just through the experience we aggregate in our lives, that we can take in and develop from our errors. Phil's involvement in the vagrant leads him to better himself and change his approaches to spare this keeps an eye on life. Once Phil acknowledges he can't spare the vagrant every day he goes on a way of helping everybody in the city of Punxsutawney. Phil Is enlivened and discovers his motivation throughout everyday life. He is not, at this point narrow minded and begins to put others before himself. This is the reason he had the option to break out of the time circle and proceed with his normal life. The scene with Phil and the vagrant can be an incredible learning instrument for everybody. We ought not act naturally focused and think about others before ourselves. This will prompt an existence of severe depression. Once Phil begins helping individuals you can see his life begin to change and him become a more joyful individual. Phil changes
Wednesday, July 8, 2020
Business Environments Issue 1 Ethics and Legal Environment - 2200 Words
Business Environments Issue 1: Ethics and Legal Environment (Research Paper Sample) Content: Business EnvironmentsNameInstitutionIssue 1: Ethics and Legal EnvironmentSince each department has to lay off one employee, it means that one out of the four considered employees in the Toy Ideation/Mockup Department should be considered. This presents an ethical dilemma that is hard to decide on since it presents right versus right scenarios. However, this can be resolved using Badaracco (2002) framework. This can be resolved using the four-question framework in which the decision maker asks all the four questions and gets the most appropriate responses for each. When answering the first question, the decision maker has to consider all the parties involved in the case as well as those who will win and who will lose (Van Buren, 2008). In this case, the parties involved to the case are the company employees, the four considered ones for lay off, the management, investors, supplies, and the customers.In order to remain in business, the company has to lay off one employe e from each department. The management from this department would be carrying out their management roles effectively if they lay off one employee as required but in the right manner. The customers, suppliers, and investors would win if the company remains in business and has the most skilled, experienced, and hardworking employees who would ensure success of the company. However, for the case of the four parties, they would win or lose based on the taken decision. The final decision taken would be to lay off one of the four employees.Laying off Ari who is in early 60s means that it would not be easy for him to get a job since he is nearing retirement age. However, he has a financially stable wife and since the couple does not have children, having him out of work does not mean that the two would not be able to financially support their needs. Laying him off would benefit the organization since he is one of the few highly paid employees and therefore would be a great saving for the c ompany. However, his experience, innovative skills, flexible character, and hardworking skills mean that he is a great asset to the company. Laying off Gloria would be a great torment to her. She is a single mother of two teenagers and in fact the current job is not enough to car for her financial obligations. Even though she is absent most of the times for spending sleepless nights working, her hard work, savvy character, and always on time on projects are great assets to the company. In order to benefit from her skills and experiences, it is advisable that she is promoted and her salary increased in order to benefit from her presence on work every time.Terry who is in her 20s shows great promise to the company. Even with her formal training in computer design techniques and animatronics, having attended a film school, and being a brilliant conceptualizer, her wicked sense of humor, immature and barbed remarks, and her refusal to work on some projects makes her the ideal candidate for lay off. There are rumors that she is considering switching companies. Even though this might not be true, her skills, experience, and age are good to help her get a new job. Laying her off would not be so destructive since she can easily get another job. Laying off Michelle is out of the question since his retirement arrangements are underway. Even she had outdated ideas, her active contribution help in improving the ideas of others. Her contribution in the past has been remarkable.In the second question, the decision maker would consider the people with rights that must absolutely be respected and thus cannot be violated. In this case, the rights to consider are age, financial obligations, and financial stability. When considering the aspect of age, it would be unethical or unacceptable to lay off employees who are nearing retirement since it would be impossible to get jobs in other organizations. Another aspect is that of financial obligation (Bragues, 2006). A good example i n this case is that of Gloria who has two teenagers to take care of and is even unable to cater for all her financial obligations despite the fact that she is taking more jobs during her off time. The last aspect to consider in terms of rights is that of financial stability. In this case, as the decision maker considers who to lay off, he should consider how hard life would be for the person who is laid off. Following this question, the best person to lay off would be Terry.Considering the third question that deals with the character of the decision maker, it would be possible to reason with the young employee after laying him off (Badaracco, 2002). It is even possible to help him get another job through referrals or by writing him an attractive recommendation letter. The last question explains the aspect of responsibility. In organizations, the managers have responsibilities that they have to fulfill. However, in some instances, they do not have to take the responsibilities seriou sly since they are required to act as human beings. The decision maker should therefor consider what would work in the world as it is. In this case, what works is what would not be taken as a great punishment by the victims. Since the manager has to lay off any employee, it has to be the most appropriate for lay off (Resick et al, 2011). The manager would behave as a human being if he helps the laid off employee to get another job.Following the framework by Professor Badaracco (2002) of consequences, rights, character, and pragmatism, the best decision would be to lay off Terry. This might be based on the rumor that she is looking for another job. Even if it happens that the rumor is only a mere assertion, laying her off would not be a great challenge to get into another company. At her age, with her skills, her experiences, and without any financial responsibilities, it is easy for Terry to have her problem fixed.Issue 2: Organizational EnvironmentBefore the recommendation, it is advisable that Cookie goes for the opportunity. This an opportunity that has helped many organizations go global. In fact, most of the current multinational corporations were started as family businesses and expanded when opportunities came up. As a result, this can be considered an opportunity of a lifetime for Cookie. It is notable that even with high quality and well-liked products, Cookie has not considered expanding in the past because of lack of the required resources, operational constraints, and the firms philosophy of serving fresh products. However, this does not mean that with expansion, the philosophy would be breached since it is possible to have the products produced in various points all over the world and distributed with sophisticated distribution channels. As a result, Cookie should consider this as a great opportunity and grab it.Nevertheless, when considering the opportunity, Cookie should put in mind a number of factors. The fact that Cookie does not know how to go about the implementation of the plan means that she is unqualified as a manager or leader of a large company. As a result, she should start by hiring a qualified manager who would take the small firm to the expected level. The next thing would be to consider the ethical dilemmas involved when operating across the border. As explained by Resick et al (2011), a leader should consider what ethical leadership means in different perspectives. While some employees in some countries would require active participation in the management, other would require passive participation by adhering closely to the directives and guidelines of the leader. Cookie needs to understand that by expanding her business, she will be operating with diverse customers and employees and this would mean different types of ethical dilemmas to deal with calling for an effective leadership style.Since Cookie is working with family members and close friends in her current business, it is assumed that most of them are not qualified and this is the reason they have not considered going global. This means that as the company expands to deal with a wide market share, Cookie should consider training her current employees in order to keep up with the standards in the global world. Before training, the employees should have specific responsibilities that they would undertake in the organization. This would help in matching the training content and programs with the training needs of the employees based on their assigned roles. This would help to avoid ethical dilemmas of laying off employees who have worked in the organization for long and as a result of their age and poor skills, are unable to secure jobs in other organizations.As the firm considers going global, Cookie should consider a more organized organizational structure. This is based on the assumption that by operating a ...
Tuesday, May 19, 2020
Euthanasia Is The Painless Killing Of A Patient - 1825 Words
Euthanasia is the painless killing of a patient who is suffering from an incurable and very painful disease. Also, if the patient is in a permanent coma. Within the United States of America and in most countries euthanasia is illegal to be practiced. The origin of the word euthanasia came from the early 17th century within the Greek culture. In Greek, the word euthanasia translates to à µÃâ¦Ã ¸Ã ±Ã ½Ã ±ÃÆ'à ¯Ã ±. (ââ¬Å"Google.â⬠Google. Translator. Web. June 19, 2016.) In a way, this translates to easy death. An example of euthanasia would be if a patient has terminal cancer, and it was decided amongst doctors and loved ones that the quality of life would begin going downhill, and that to euthanize the person would be best. Depending on the location of the cancer, whether it is in the head or in the body, can cause an immense amount of pain for the patient. ââ¬Å"The majority of the people who are diagnosed are already found to be in an advanced stage of the Cancer.â⬠(WebMD) Because of this sneaky, swift and painful killer, it s no wonder why large sums of people die each year. Suppose that a patient goes to the hospital for something as minor as a kidney stone and finds out he has pancreatic cancer. As the months pass, the patient begins to get all of the symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, weight loss, loss of appetite, diabetes, and jaundice. When the patient and loved ones of the patient request that a doctor discontinues the treatment, the doctor can stop treating the patient for illness,Show MoreRelatedEuthanasia Is The Painless Killing Of A Patient1652 Words à |à 7 Pagesthanatos, which together mean a good death, the idea of euthanasia is quite appealing. So what exactly is it? Euthanasia is the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma. Also called assisted suicide or physician-assisted death/suicide (often times simply referred to as just PAD or PAS), this process helps terminally ill patients make the transition from painful life to painless death. But what is death when yo u have an illness that hasRead MoreEuthanasia Is Painless Killing Of A Patient1435 Words à |à 6 PagesEuthanasia is painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma, also means to take a deliberate action with the express intention of ending a life to relieve intractable suffering. Some interpret as the practice of ending life in a mercy killing, assisted suicide, and soft slow suicide. There are two main classifications of euthanasia. There is Voluntary euthanasia which is conducted with consent. Where the patient decides for themselves toRead MoreEuthanasia Is The Painless Killing Of A Patient2396 Words à |à 10 PagesEuthanasia Research Paper Euthanasia is the painless killing of a patient who is suffering from a terminal or incurable disease. There are two different processes of euthanasia, active or physician-assisted suicide and passive euthanasia. Active euthanasia is when a terminally ill patient requests someone, usually a doctor, to intentionally cause their death via overdose or lethal injection. Passive euthanasia is the act of refusing life-sustaining treatments or the removal of life-sustainingRead MoreEuthanasia Is The Painless Killing Of A Patient Suffering From An Incurable Disease?1214 Words à |à 5 PagesEuthanasia is ââ¬Å"the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable disease or in an irreversible coma.â⬠The practice of Euthanasia is illegal in most countries. In fact only three states in the United States and the District of Columbia allow assisted suicide. Four states have no laws against euthanasia, and 38 states have made euthanasia illegal. Is it better for a person to live a biological life or a biographical life? If a person with a terminal illnessââ¬â¢s pain can be managed toRead MoreAccording to the Oxford dictionary, euthanasia is defined as the painless killing of a patient800 Words à |à 4 PagesAccording to the Oxford dictionary, euthanasia is defined as the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or an irreversible coma. Those in favor argue that this is done motivated by kindness and a desire to end suffering. Those against Euthanasia understand why those in favor of Euthanasia say it is ok to practice it, but one must understand that Euthanasia is contrary to the Hippocratic Oath. According to the Hippocratic Oath doctors should never, ââ¬Å"give a deadlyRead MoreA Brief Note On Euthanasia And The United States882 Words à |à 4 PagesHistory of Euthanasia in the U.S. Euthanasia is the act or practice, killing of permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy killing. Far more controversial, active euthanasia involves causing the death of a person through a direct action. In response to a request from the person. Euthanasia itself been around for as long as the history of medicine. This euthanasia is enormous and have long history in the United States. This soRead More Euthanasia is Murder Essay591 Words à |à 3 PagesEuthanasia is the Greek word meaning ââ¬Å"good deathâ⬠. Euthanasia is the act of assisting in ending oneââ¬â¢s life, killing a person or an animal in a painless or minimally painful way. There are 3 different types of euthanasia. Volantary - which means that the doctor, or whoever performed the assisted death got full permission from the patient to kill them. Nonvolantary - without full consent of the patient or if the patient did give them their full consent, they werenââ¬â¢t fully decisionally-competent. AndRead MoreEuthanasia Is The Most Active1548 Words à |à 7 Pages Euthanasia is the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. There are different euthanasia laws in each country. The British House of Lords Select Committee on Medical Ethics defines euthanasia as a deliberate intervention undertaken with the express intention of ending a life, to relieve intractable suffering. In the Netherlands and Flanders, euthanasia is understood as termination of life by a doctor at the request of a patient. Euthanasia is categorizedRead MorePersuasive Essay on Euthanasia963 Words à |à 4 PagesEuthanasia - The Right to Decide The definition of euthanasia from the Oxford Dictionary is: ââ¬Å"The painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or is in an incurable coma.â⬠Consider the words ââ¬Å"suffering,â⬠ââ¬Å"painful,â⬠ââ¬Å"irreversibleâ⬠and ââ¬Å"incurable.â⬠These words describe a patients terrible conditions and prospects. Euthanasia is known as ââ¬Å"mercy killingâ⬠for a reason, it is the most, humane, moral and logical form of treatment available to patients that have no hopeRead MoreEuthanasia Is Not An Acceptable Choice Of Death1415 Words à |à 6 Pages ââ¬Å"Americans tend to endorse the use of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia when the question is abstract and hypotheticalâ⬠(Ezekiel Emanuel). Not many people support it, but many of them do. Euthanasia the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma. The practice is illegal in most countries. O r also known as ââ¬Å"mercy killingâ⬠. To those many patients who have terminal illnesses the procedure is done to them. But only if they are suffering
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Consequences of the Economic Development of Polar and...
The Consequences of the Economic Development of Polar and Sub-Polar Regions Although indigenous populations established themselves centuries ago, polar and sub-polar regions of the Arctic and Antarctica have only fairly recently begun to develop. Originally classified as remote regions in the world, where the only activities, which took place, were small-scale fishing and hunting by locals in order to survive, they have become sources of great economic development and prosperity. Due to their proximity to many highly populated countries, Arctic regions have perhaps experienced greater economic development than Antarctic regions. The route of this economic development began during the 17thâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In 1968, the great quantities of oil and gas discovered beneath Alaskaââ¬â¢s North Slope, overlooking Prudhoe Bay, subsequently led to the construction of the Trans-Alaska pipeline to Valdez in 1974. This increased communication links and trade links and therefore brought in vast amounts of money for the economy and until 1990, oil and natural gas still provided 85% of Alaskaââ¬â¢s gross state product. As personal wealth and length of leisure time are increasing, people are beginning to seek out new, more exotic locations. For example, tourism in Alaska has become a vital industry, attracting almost 1.1 million people per year. Visitors not only come to view the landscape features, such as its coasts, glaciers and mountains, but also to see its huge variety of wild life (ranging from Brown bears to sea-lions) and for fishing (especially salmon). Such levels of tourism have increased economic development as tourists themselves bring money into the state as well as foreign currency. Tourism is constantly increasing and being developed as the government want to diversify employment opportunities in order to increase the rate of economic growth. Antarctica has similar reasons for economic development, however, on a much smaller scale due to its uninhabitable climate and landscape. The tourism industry isShow MoreRelatedAlaska Oil Drilling1301 Words à |à 6 Pagesprioritize profits over social problems such as environmental degradation. An example that sheds light on the conflict between human interests and environmental responsibility is the controversial approval of the oil drilling in the Northern Slope region of Alaska and the drilling that has already began, in the Tar Sands of Alberta. In this paper I will firstly explain the situation regarding why the drilling for oil is up for debate to take place. Secondly I will assess the benefits and the irreparableRead MoreThe Effects of Global Warming4458 Words à |à 18 Pagescomplex and the timing uncertain. But while much more research is needed, we know more than before about how we can adapt to the expected impacts and assist those people who are the most vulnerabl e. 2. THE NATURAL WORLD 3.1. Effects on the Polar Regions Observed changes- â⬠¢ Arctic air temperatures increased by about 5à °C in the 20th century ââ¬â ten times faster than the global-mean surface temperature ââ¬â while Arctic sea-surface temperatures rose by 1à °C over the past 20 years. â⬠¢ In the NorthernRead MoreClimate Change and Its Impact on Agriculture2055 Words à |à 9 PagesPercentage contribution of different sectors in the atmospheric concentration of GHGs is from energy sector 63%, agriculture 13%, industry 3%, land use and forestry 18% and waste 3%. Climate change is an externality which is mainly caused by particular economic activities, and the geographical position of many developing countries makes them very much vulnerable to climate change. According to the IPCC prediction, in the absence of any policy to abate the GHGs emission, GHGs would increase from 550ppm toRead MoreEconomic Impacts in Water and Energy Issues Caused by Climate Change in Russia 2690 Words à |à 11 PagesEconomic Impacts in Water and Energy issues caused by Climate Change in Russia Global Scope Generally, climate change has caused some predictable and potentially heterogeneous problems globally. Some of them are positive. For instance, increased atmospheric COâââ are predicted to bring about overall small increases in European crop productivity. Globally, warming will shift our living circumstances into a more risky and comparably inadaptable direction. The key vulnerabilities including theRead MoreSeasonality of a Destination Brings More Tourists Essay2431 Words à |à 10 Pagespurpose of analysis of seasonal fluctuations (Cisneros-Martà nez, 2013). To work within constraints of the seasonality is a destination management issue that tourism planners struggles with all over the world. Particularly pronounced the issue is in regions of the extreme north or south where climate variation directly influences the flow of visitors and thus management strategies of tourism (Baum Hagen, 1999). At the same time literature suggests various other reasons for seasonality to develop. 2Read MoreEnvironment: Energy Development and Environmental Problems11602 Words à |à 47 Pagescomes to coping with the consequences of global warming. | It is the developing nations who hold the key to solving environmental problems because they make up most of the worldââ¬â¢s population and control most of the worldââ¬â¢s resources. This means that they have the potential ability to help address environmental issues. | | Self-interest | Rich nations are not spared from the ill-effects of global warming. Moreover, they have significant interests in business development in the developing worldRead MoreClimate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction6524 Words à |à 27 Pagesoverall long-term characteristics of the weather experienced at a place. For example, Singapore, in the tropics, has a hot wet climate, while continental Mongolia always has cold winters. The ecosystems, agriculture, livelihoods and settlements of a region are very dependent on its climate. The climate therefore can be thought of as a long-term summary of weather conditions, taking account of the average conditions as well as the variability of these conditions. The fluctuations that occur from yearRead MoreEnvironment Studies8323 Words à |à 34 Pagesanimals, other organism water, air, soil, trees, the ocean and studying the interrelationships among biotic and abiotic components for sustainable human ecosystem. 3. Environmental Studies deals with the conservation, biodiversity, sustainable development, water management, air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination, noise pollution 4. Carrying out impact analysis and environmental auditing for the further catastrophic activities, 5. Developing and curbing the pollution from existing andRead MoreSience23554 Words à |à 95 Pagescauses of anthropogenic global warming. Doesnââ¬â¢t Recent Record Cold Weather Disprove Global Warming? In different parts of the world, there have been various weather events that at first thought would question global warming. For example, some regions have experienced extremely cold winters (sometimes record-breaking), while others have experienced heavy rain, etc. The confusion that sometimes arises is the difference between climate change and weather patterns. Weather patterns describe shortRead MoreEcco Case5429 Words à |à 22 Pages4: Buyer power Force 5: Supplier power Porterââ¬â¢s Diamond PEST Political factors Economic factors Social factors Technological factor SWOT Generic Strategy Conclusion Sources Appendixesî ¿ ¾ Question For this assignment we have chosen question one: ââ¬Å"The companyââ¬â¢s strategic situation - using relevant theory and modelsâ⬠because it is the question we found the most interesting. For this, we have made three sub-questions to help us further narrow our report to the Hungarian market: * What
Business Canvas Model Of Expert 360 Samples â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Business Canvas Model Of Expert 360. Answer: Introduction The given report will throw light on the business canvas model of Expert 360 which is a consultancy based in Australia. The report will be following a systematic outline whereby the various business components will be discussed followed by their key relationship with one another. Aspects of the consultancy firm, Expert 360 like downside risks, critical success factors and a comprehensive SWOT analysis of the business model will also be stated. Furthermore, the report will be providing certain recommendations based on the business model of the firm. Description of the Industry and Company Expert 360 is a consultancy firm based in Australia. The business provides one stop solution for the companies as well as the talented candidates (Sinkovics, Sinkovics Yamin, 2014). This is because the company brings about freelancers and firms together providing them flexibility as to with whom they want to work and the manner in which the work was carried out. Hence, the company utilizes technology to connect the various companies with qualified professionals (TechCrunch., 2018). The company was found in July 2013 and has its headquarters in Sydney, Australia. It is a privately handled company found by Emily Yue and Bridget Loudon. Recently the company raised $10 million recently in 2017. Website : https://expert360.com/ Services offered The firm helps organizations to hire the best talent for a limited period of time for certain specific business enterprises (About Us - Expert360., 2018). The company manages 19000+ consultants, and helps firms to have access to the industry`s best talent in domains like management, technology, Finance, Sales, Operations and Human Resource. Business Canvas Model Key Partners The Key Partners are an important aspect of the business organization because it helps in operations of the business organization and also reduce risks. Business organizations generally tend to engage in supplier buyer relationships to concentrate on their core activities (Bocken et al., 2014). Expert 360 makes use of many partners like business houses, Shared Service centers and the employable candidates themselves to look after the various business processes. Profound relationships with regulators and the legislators are also considered to be extremely important (Muhtaroglu et al., 2013). Key Activities The primary activity which Expert 360 engages in is the hub which it creates for top talented professionals and the companies so that they can carry out their activities. Value Proposition Expert 360 deploys the right people to the right organization for the right period of time (Massa Tucci, 2013). Customer Relationships The customers of Expert 360 are the individuals and the firms. The company maintains its relationships through giving them advice, providing them services, helping them in all legal procedures and conducting various meetings with them (Armstrong et al., 2015). Customer Segments The primary customer segments of Expert 360 are the professional who would like to engage them in short term projects with various organization. The companies who would like to hire these highly qualified professional are also a customer segment group (DaSilva Trkman 2014). Key Resources The key resources that Expert 360 has access to are the: Hr Candidate Database Hr tools Technology Office High potential employees Channels The channels which Expert 360 makes use of are : Tele-communications and Technology Internet and Website portal Cost Structure The costs associated with Expert 360 are : Technology Staff Office Costs Revenue Streams Fees from the candidates from registration Company fees Advertisements Primary relationships between the 9 building blocks The business canvas model often describes the relationship that exists among the various components of any business organization. Any canvas model is incomplete without having relationships with each other as a change in one component can lead to a change in another. For instance, in the case of Expert 360, the cost and revenue structure is highly related are highly related as they go a long way to help the firm to determine the revenue charges and structure based on the costs the business incurs (Carayannis, Sindakis Walter, 2015). Any change in the cost component will have a huge impact on the revenue aspect also. In the same manner, if the key resources of the firm, which at the moment comprise of its employee base, office , technology and others go through certain additions or in that case certain changes, then the company`s cost structure might also be affected(Barquet et al., 2013). The value proposition offered by Expert 360 may also have a huge impact on the revenue it earns. In cases, where the value given to the customers is preferred by them then, the revenue of the business has high chances of changing accordingly. The channel chosen by Expert 360 will also have an impact on cost structure of the firm. Different channels comprise of different charges and in case alternate channels are employed then the company might have to change its structures for cost. The primary purpose of the business model is to brief a summary of what is being offered by the firm to the customers and how will it source those resources. A business is a connected unit and therefore, the blocks are interdependent on one another. SWOT Analysis on the business model Figure 1 : SWOT Analysis of the BM of Expert 360 (As created by the author) Critical Success Factors for sustainable business success The Key Success Factors employed to attain sustainable success are : Understanding Client Requirement The primary critical success factor of Expert 360 is that the company needs to understand the varied needs of the business consumers (Schaltegger, Hansen Ldeke-Freund, 2016). The business enterprise needs to have a defined description of the kind of employees it is looking out for and the consultancy group should be able to have an exact candidate network for it. Without understanding the requirement, the procedure cannot be successful. Ability to connect the right client to the right consumer There are a large number of options available on both the side of the market. Various companies often look out for various candidates and in the same manner the employees often look out for jobs, however the success of Expert 360 lies in seeing to it that the right employees are connected to the organizations most suitable for them. A large candidate pool When the firm, Expert 360 will be dealing with companies who require short term and highly qualified employees, then the consultancy would be required to have access to a large number of highly qualified employees (Joyce Paquin, 2016). Causes leading to potential down side Risks Downside risk can be described as a risk which is a result of the changing market condition. The downside risk in the case of Expert 360 is as follows : Emergence of a new competitor- According to Kiel (2014), if a new competitor with a better pricing andmarketing strategy and providing a global access to the firms, emerges the Expert 360 might face cut throat competition and it could result in huge losses for the company. Emergence of a policy related to employees in Australia- Secondly, the labor and employee laws are extremely difficult to abide by and the consultancy should see to it that it stays updated with laws. If the government forms a new law stating that the company cannot indulge in hiring of short term workers then the whole model of Expert 360 might face a huge blow. Recommended Changes to the Business Model According to Hong Fauvel (2013), a business model should be ever changing and should be having the capability to adapt to the distinct needs of the external business environment. Given below are certain recommended changes to the business model of the company that will assist it to carry out business more effectively: Introducing Full time employee package- As the consultancy has achieved huge success in its short term employment scheme , it can make certain changes to the value proposition offered by the firm and offer the firms as well as the candidates an opportunity to get hired for a full time position. Partnering with Various universities- In a way to increase its business network, the consultancy firm can also partner with universities which are a storehouse of young and budding talent (Sutton-Brady, Kamvounias Taylor, 2015). If the firm is able to partner with them, then it can go a long way in seeing to it that it has a considerable pool of candidates for the demands placed by the organizations. Conclusion Therefore, from the given analysis it can be stated that business model forms a relevant ground for analysis. Expert 360 is an emerging business with a unique idea of connecting the highly qualified employees who like to function on their own terms to business organizations who often conduct short term projects and would like to save costs and hire temporary team. The given report summarized the business operations of Expert 360 and provided a brief analysis of their Business Canvas model using the 9 block framework. That was followed by a relationship summary between the 9 blocks followed by the SWOT Analysis of that model. The critical success factors related to the business had been identified along with causes of downside risk. It was observed that if the firm wishes to survive in the competitive business market then it needs to adjust to the changing needs. References About Us - Expert360. (2018).Expert360.com. Retrieved 24 March 2018, from https://expert360.com/about Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015). Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Barquet, A. P. B., de Oliveira, M. G., Amigo, C. R., Cunha, V. P., Rozenfeld, H. (2013). Employing the business model concept to support the adoption of productservice systems (PSS).Industrial Marketing Management,42(5), 693-704. Bocken, N. M., Short, S. W., Rana, P., Evans, S. (2014). A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes.Journal of cleaner production,65, 42-56. Carayannis, E. G., Sindakis, S., Walter, C. (2015). Business model innovation as lever of organizational sustainability.The Journal of Technology Transfer,40(1), 85-104. DaSilva, C. M., Trkman, P. (2014). Business model: What it is and what it is not.Long range planning,47(6), 379-389. Hong, Y. C., Fauvel, C. (2013). Criticisms, variations and experiences with business model canvas. Joyce, A., Paquin, R. L. (2016). The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models.Journal of Cleaner Production,135, 1474-1486. Kiel, I. H. (2014). Entrepreneurial marketing. Massa, L., Tucci, C. L. (2013). Business model innovation.The Oxford Handbook of Innovation Management, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 420-441. Muhtaroglu, F. C. P., Demir, S., Obali, M., Girgin, C. (2013, October). Business model canvas perspective on big data applications. InBig Data, 2013 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 32-37). IEEE. Schaltegger, S., Hansen, E. G., Ldeke-Freund, F. (2016). Business models for sustainability: Origins, present research, and future avenues. Sinkovics, N., Sinkovics, R. R., Yamin, M. (2014). The role of social value creation in business model formulation at the bottom of the pyramidimplications for MNEs?.International Business Review,23(4), 692-707. Sutton-Brady, C., Kamvounias, P., Taylor, T. (2015). A model of supplierretailer power asymmetry in the Australian retail industry.Industrial marketing management,51, 122-130. TechCrunch. (2018).Australias Expert360 raises $10M for its freelance consultant marketplace. Retrieved 24 March 2018, from https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/24/australias-expert360-raises-10m-for-its-freelance-consultant-marketplace/
Wednesday, April 22, 2020
Native American Historical and Political Development Essay Example
Native American Historical and Political Development Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Native American Historical and Political Development specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Native American Historical and Political Development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Native American Historical and Political Development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Native American Historical and Political Development Native American pottery is a form of art that has existed for at least 700 centuries within the Americas. Pottery can be defined as any objects that are made of fired clay ceramics. Ceramics are commonly used as practical cooking vessels, serving and preservation vessels, burial urns, sculptures, musical instruments, ceremonial items, censers, and countless other art forms. Since they are resilient, ceramic items have been a vital source of information in learning more about Pre-Columbian indigenous cultures. The earliest ceramics discovered in the Americas were discovered in the lower Amazon Basin around the Caverna de Pedra Pintada areas that were dated back to about 5,000 years (Ferguson et al 13). Some of the shards at this location were tempered using mollusk shells that allowed the ceramics to be carbon dated. From the engravings, it was evident that the first ceramic-making cultures were shellfish-gatherers and fishers. Ceramics next surfaced across northern South America and then later in the western part of South America. As of this period (4530BCE), the primary purpose of ceramic objects was to store food (Ferguson et al 23). Historical background of pottery and ceramics The communities of Mesoamerica and South America were generally modern with the European Christian period. Both tribes were quickly eliminated by the Spanish invasion following on the journeys of discovery done by Columbus. The vanquishers instantly found themselves in disagreements with the native inhabitants. The clergy sought to convert people to Christianity, and they used less aggressive techniques entrenched in religion in order to destroy a whole culture gradually. The two principal empires, the Aztecs of Mesoamerica and the Incas of Peru exhibited agricultural activities and promoted architecture and art. The monuments discovered later were extremely extraordinary even though they were developed by highly primitive societies (Ferguson et al 21). Early Pre-Columbian Civilizations Several pre-Columbian societies existed over several periods, and they served to transmit the skill of pottery and that of making ceramics to the next generation, up to what it is today. Analyzing the lineage and progress of these communities from the past to the present will give more insight on their unique skills, artwork and cultural practices. The Chavin tribe that existed around 1400 to 300 BC was perhaps the most ancient tribe to exist in America (Schurr et al 177). Evidence of pottery and other crafts existed, but these were mostly limited to the temple galleries indicating that they held a religious significance. By 2000 BCE, pottery and ceramic making was popular in Central America, although modern techniques and machinery such as the potterââ¬â¢s wheel and glazing were not used. The two main methods of fashioning pots were to use bare hands or made inside molds and finished using fine polychrome (Ferguson et al 15). The Moche tribe that came up from 100-700 AD was more aggressive in their ceramics and pottery skills. Their pottery was immensely influential in illustrating different societal figures such as priests, lords and even warriors. Through these discovered pottery, most archeologists have been able to study the level of complexity of the Moche society. These artists engaged in documenting pre-Columbian accomplishments through realism and pictorials. There were even instances of erotic pottery. The Nazca tribe came up from 200to 800 AD to introduce aspects of color and complex designs to pottery in a fashion that contrasted the restrained styles typical of Moche ceramics (Schurr et al 178). The last regime to propagate the pottery tradition significantly was the Huari-Tiahuanaco hegemony that created pottery characterized by audacious designs, richer colors and solid constructions. This pottery style ultimately overshadowed the other earlier forms of pottery making to become the most domi nant type that spread throughout most of America. Many pre-Columbian civilizations set up permanent urban communities where they practiced agriculture and developed intricate societal hierarchies. The oldest mound complex in the Americas, the Watson Brake and other archaic sites were constructed by pre-ceramic societies. Throughout the various studies among different cultures and different periods, it is notable that each society had some pottery or ceramics that they created, especially in cases where the society was involved in agriculture. The Native Americans developed their own techniques of pottery and ceramics in a manner similar to that of other societies throughout the world. Many of the Native American communities used ceramics and pottery even before the Europeans first inhabited the Americas. While some hunter-gatherer tribes did not delve so much into this unique pottery, the communities that engaged in farming had various uses for the Native American ceramics (Ferguson et al 67). As the Native Americans were relocated across the continent by Europeans, they were able to transport their Native American ceramics on the journey. Many of the communities ultimately appeared to have lost their indigenous pottery as they were pressed further away from their initial native regions. The southwestern Indians were the most advantageous group in that they were able to salvage most of their artwork including pottery and other ceramics. Some of their striking ceramic works comprised of wedding vases with double spouts and other colorful ceramics that had distinctive designs. Various communities had their own techniques and patterns of creating the Native American ceramics (Fash Luja?n 18). Some of the methods including kiln firing the pottery but almost each community had its own unique pattern and method of finishing the ceramics (Ferguson et al 34). The common aspect among all the communities was that their ceramics were all hand made. Even presently, the few existing Native Americans still hold the ability to create ceramics using their skillful hands. Most of these artists have become very famous, as their works on Native American culture have been displayed in famous galleries and shows. Therefore, while most indigenous Indians lost their land during the relocation process, they were still able to preserve much of their traditions and skills including Native American pottery (Kampen-Oââ¬â¢Riley 37). The decorative ceramic ornaments and other pottery items carried with them a vast amount of knowledge on the social and religious values within the pre-Columbian societies. These people had transcended from the essential subsistence life into complex and creative groups within the harsh life of the wildness. These pre-Columbian societies held some of the initial sources of early inventiveness, imagination, and functionality. Apart from religious and social significance, the ceramics and pottery were very important in running the economy through trading activities and negotiation sessions among communities (Ferguson et al 345). Colonization of the New World and loss of Pre-Columbian Culture Pottery and other works of art largely disappeared after the entry of Europeans into Native America. The loss of a larger part of the Western hemisphere led to several administrative, physical and cultural changes for the Native Americans who inhabited the land. The religious and cultural arrogance exhibited by the Europeans was largely to blame for the great disappearance of most elements of pre-Columbian cultures (Kampen-Oââ¬â¢Riley 22). Settlers who inhabited the Americas failed to see anything of value in pre-Columbian America and instead sought to impose their own traditions, cultures and norms onto the natives. This was a major cause of the loss of cultural practices such as pottery. Concerning the loss of cultural elements among the Native Americans, Europeans played a major role in ensuring they were eliminated from any historical records. Through their own cultural arrogance, Europeans were able to dismiss the historical existence of Native Americans as being recreated and falsified. To that extent, they considered these natives as having lived in an unhistorical state. Disease outbreaks were another major cause of cultural loss (Bulmer-Thomas et al 18). While Europeans were used to keeping their livestock in close quarters, the Native Americans quickly contracted and died from epidemics and this thinned out the number of artists that could pass on the tradition of making ceramics and other similar products (Ferguson et al 11). Significance of Ceramics and Pottery Religious importance When evaluating non-western art, it is imperative to bear in mind that the objects being viewed were created for exceptionally precise functions. While art professionals normally discuss these works of art in terms of strictly aesthetics, at a stage, it becomes necessary to comprehend the significance of the works of art to the communities who created them (Young-Sa?nchez Denise 16). Almost without exemption, Pre-Columbian art has a heavy religious significance naturally. The ceramics and pottery that have been conserved were mostly temple architecture and items, burial art, and artifacts from sports events that were ultimately religious. Ordinarily, placing ethnographic objects in an inert museum environment makes people forget their original utilities. The Maya sculptor who cautiously molded away on a lump of clay to create a figure did not expect it to be locked away in an art gallery. When people assess these artifacts, detached from their intended place and time, they conclude that they lacked religious significance. Ancient religious occurrences can only be inferred from archaeological materials (Young-Sa?nchez Denise 15). Several clay sculptures discovered in graves may offer little or no proof that they were relevant in religious occasions during the Pre-Classic periods of Ticoman and Zacatenco. It is likely, though, that baked earth figures of females were supposed to symbolize an agricultural idol, a deity of the crops. Two-headed clay figurines unearthed at Tlatilco had a high likelihood of depicting a paranormal being. The same conclusion can be said of the clay idols of a fire god shaped as an old man. The pyramid of Cuicuilco near Mexico is one of the most fascinating monuments that may also have religious meaning. The monument illustrated the main aspects of the Mexican pyramids and this made it seem likely to be a religious shrine, signified by a temple erected on the platform and enclosed by tombs (Young-Sa?nchez Denise 11). Such architecture would have obviously been supervised and organized by several priests. An example is the preoccupation with the afterlife and death itself. Therefore, the ceramics developed by the societies included skulls and devil figurines signified religious activities using these ceramics. The religious significance of pre-Columbian ceramics, that is presently accepted, was initially misinterpreted. In fact, their secular value was the main criteria used when assessing them and this made most of them fail the value test. For many years, Mexican cultivators had been discovering antique ceramic pots and other physical artifacts while cultivating their farms. In the past, collectors considered them useless and even amusing. Because of the low monetary value, they were usually destroyed and discarded. Ordinary household uses Among Pre-Columbian tribes, the vessels used by most households were mainly made of earthenware. These vessels were created in various traditional forms, including globular, ovoid, and cylindrical and double-chambered forms with diverse handles and spouts. These artifacts were used as household utensils, funerary objects, cooking pots, and ritual objects and water jugs. Their form, purpose, and embellishment differentiated the vessels amongst pre-Columbian communities. Zoomorphic and anthropomorphic vessels naturally suggested ritual and funerary use were decorated by more unique and complicated adornments than household earthenware. Although many cultures borrow different elements from each other, each culture developed their vessels having their own particulars and iconography. While most artifacts can be easily categorized as having religious or household significance, some are more difficult to place. Stirrup spout vessels were the main ceramics used that consisted of a handle, and a spout. The immense numbers of existing stirrup spout vessels were suspected to be necessary for funerary purposes. However, the evidence of the wear and tear pointed towards utilitarian purposes within the household (Young-Sa?nchez Denise 24). Conclusion The Pre-Columbian era was marked with a significant contribution by several tribes to the archeological pool that mainly concentrated on ceramics and pottery. The lack of proper writing systems among Pre-Columbian cultures prompted the development of pottery and ceramics as a channel through which history could be recorded. Through these artifacts, the tribes could express and transfer their knowledge to the rest of the world surrounding astronomy, philosophy, cosmology and even religion. The political influences that interfered with the development of these civilizations may have been inconsiderate and unfair but their actions were crucial in dispersing these cultures to different parts of the world where they would have otherwise not reached. Work Cited Bulmer-Thomas, V, John H. Coatsworth, and Conde R. Corte?s. The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Print. Fash, William L, Luja?n L. Lo?pez. The Art of Urbanism: How Mesoamerican Kingdoms Represented Themselves in Architecture and Imagery. Washington, D.C: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2009. Print. Ferguson, Jeffrey R.; Siegel, Peter E.; Descantes, Christophe; Glascock, Michael D. Pre-Columbian Pottery in the West Indies: Compositional Change in Context. Journal of Caribbean Archeology. 2008. Kampen-Oââ¬â¢Riley, Michael. Art Beyond the West: The Arts of Africa, India and Southeast Asia, China, Japan and Korea, the Pacific, and the Americas. New York: H.N. Abrams, 2002. Print. Schurr, Theodore G. Coastal Waves and Island Hopping: A Genetic View of Caribbean Prehistory and New World Colonization. Island Shores, Distant Pasts: Archaeological and Biological Approaches to the Pre-Columbian Settlement of the Caribbean. 2010: 177-197. Print Young-Sa?nchez, Margaret, Denise P. Schaan. Marajo?: Ancient Ceramics from the Mouth of the Amazon. Denver, CO: Mayer Center for Pre-Columbian Spanish Colonial Art at the Denver Art Museum, 2011. Print.
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